Analysis Of Anne Bradstreet The Voice Of Puritan Poetry

In the 17th century, Puritan literary works were biased because of it’s purpose it has on moral instruction. Anne Bradstreet found a way of encountering her personal feelings into moralistic poetry. Therefore, Anne was the voice of Puritan faith. She often conflicted her faith, personal experiences and perceptions. In, Norms and Criticism in Anne Bradstreets poetry, the author, Misty Jones, states, Bradstreets writing depicts and respects Puritan standards but also includes discussions of ideas contrary to these standards. Anne Bradstreet wanted respect for Puritan’s. In fact, she reflected everyday life and personal experience. She felt that Puritans were being taking advantage of because American lifestyle believe women†¦show more content†¦In Before the Birth of One of Her Children, she talked about what she her life was like before she had a child. In this poem, Bradstreet not only conveys personal experience, but she conveys social and religious meanings that are important to her. Like most women in the 17th century, Anne Bradstreet was a housewife taking care of the house and her children while her husband was away most of the time. Bradstreet stressed in her poems the traditional female roles. A puritan’s dominance of men in social cultural systems set women at the bottom of the social hierarchy. In this society, men are considered the superior sex because they have total control over women. Within this society, there is a type of social hierarchy which men get more privileges than women. Men are expected to hold all authority over women and children. The point of a Puritan society is to keep women powerless, but allow them to read the bible because it strengthens the religious foundation of families. Men have control of anything that deals with the family, while women just have to obey their husband and take care of the house and children. The critic Robert Hilliker in Engendering identity; the discourse of familial education in Anne Bradstreet and Marie de lIncarnation states that Bradstreet is stating that her spiritual and mental state is dependant on a proper relationship with the husband. With that, it is believed that Bradstreet did not base her writings offShow MoreRelated`` Contemplations `` By Anne Bradstreet Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the Colonial Period, specifically Puritan literature, and the Romantic and Transcendental time. Specifically, the overlap of the Puritan and Transcendental styles is evident in the poem â€Å"Contemplations† by Anne Bradstreet. In order to fully understand how Bradstreet foreshadowed later themes in â€Å"Contemplations†, the context of the Colonial time must be examined, along with famed works from the Transcendental period. For starters, Anne Bradstreet was fathered by a man named Thomas DudleyRead MorePuritanism And Its Negative Portrayal Of The Body1641 Words   |  7 PagesPuritanism: Resisting The Body’s Temptations Puritanism has been a strong influence on American Literature and it still is to this day. Puritans have shaped our culture immensely with their art that represents their beliefs so clearly. One of the most fascinating things we have come to learn about the Puritans is the constant battle they faced each day. Puritans struggled to stay true to their religion due to everyday temptations. One of the biggest temptations would be The Body. We can identifyRead MoreIn Memory Of Anne Bradstreet Analysis1777 Words   |  8 Pages Bradstreet 1. The voice of Anne Bradstreet is likely to appear in those poems whose titles refer to her immediate family, â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband†, â€Å"In Reference to Her Children, 23 June 1659†, â€Å"In Memory of Mt Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased August , 665, Being a Year and a Half Old†, and â€Å"To My Dear Children†. The other readings reflect the voice of the Mistress Bradstreet. In poems that reflect the voice of Anne, Bradstreet was full of emotion, and as a mother sheRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Anne Bradstreet s The Prologue Essay2567 Words   |  11 Pagesneedle better fits†: A Literary Analysis Reading of Anne Bradstreet’s â€Å" The Prologue Does gender explain the importance of a poet? Gender is just the state of being male or female. When it comes to gender no gender is superior than the other. Some individuals would imagine a poet becoming important by them excelling intellectually, being able to write about the things one could relate to, and sometimes being that voice for those who cannot be heard. Anne Bradstreet, an early American poet, takesRead MoreFeminism in Adrienne Richs Poetry Essay2828 Words   |  12 PagesAdrienne Richs poetry serves a prophetic function by articulating the history and ideals of the feminist struggle. By recalling the ancient chthonic mysteries of blood and birth, by reconnecting daughters with their mothers, by drawing parallels between women today and their historical counterparts, and by envisioning the women of the future who will emerge from the feminist struggle, her poetry celebrates womens strength and possibilities. Elaborating her vision, Rich brings a nurturing ethosRead Mor eHow to Write a Research Paper11497 Words   |  46 Pagessource materials. If you have been asked, for example, to analyze the poetry of Anne Bradstreet in relation to the accepted poetic norms of her time, you would use several of her poems as your primary sources. You would then search for secondary information from a variety of mediums such as analyses of Bradstreet s works by other critics, historical information about the conventions of poetry during Puritan times, Bradstreet biographies, etc. Primary Sources are original words of a writer (novel

The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 2413 Words

In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† she discusses some of the issues found in 19th century society such as women’s oppression and the treatment of mental illness. Many authors throughout history have written stories that mimic their own lives and we see this in the story. We see Gilman in the story portrayed as Jane, a mentally unstable housewife who cannot escape her husband’s oppression or her own mind. Gilman reveals a life of depression and women’s oppression through her short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† Much of Gilman’s inspiration for writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† came from her own personal experiences from her childhood and her adult life. Charlotte’s father, Frederic Beecher Perkins, abandoned his wife and two children, Charlotte and Thomas, when they were both very young (Degler 39). While Charlotte’s mother, Mary Fitch Westcott, did remain in her life, she did not offer any affection or love to either of her children (Degler 39). Carl Degler states in his article that â€Å"Mrs. Perkins did permit herself to embrace them after they were asleep, and young Charlotte often feigned sleep in order to experience this joy† (39). Mrs. Gilman claimed that she withheld any affection from her children in order to make them self-reliant (Horowitz 8). As we can see through her story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman was a dark person and the lack of affection she was shown as a child is quite possibly one of the reasons for it. As a youngShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum depression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other

Commonly known Free Essays

Electronic commerce which Is commonly known as E-commerce or E-business Is a modern concept of doing business. In layman’s language, It Is the buying and selling of products and services over electronic systems which mainly comprises of Internet. In this form of business the payment for goods and services is also done electronically I. We will write a custom essay sample on Commonly known or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. By using credit cards. This concept has reached its maturity in developed countries like the united States of America and united Kingdom, but it is still new for emerging economies of developing countries like Pakistan, India, and Egypt etc. E-commerce is mainly considered to be limited to the sales aspect of the business, but it also entails the exchange of data and payment aspect of the transaction. 1. 2 Types of E-commerce: E-commerce Is mainly divided into the following types: 1. 2. 1 Business-to-Business (BOB): The BOB transactions are taking place between business concerns I. E. Manufacturers, wholesalers, suppliers, distributors. Applications of e-commerce for BOB not only Involve efficient trading but also encompasses myriad of activities like forecasting of customer demand, flow of the needed information among concerned parties, etc. Transactions with ultimate consumers by manufacturers, middlemen, etc. Are however excluded from the area of BOB. 1. 2. 2 Business-to-consumer (BBC): BBC advert to a business transaction taking place between a manufacturer, or retailer on the one hand, and an ultimate consumer for non-business use, on the other hand. Opening an online store is not a big investment today for a SEEM. In developed countries retailers are selling wide range of products and services over the net. They consider web site as a major part of the promotional and advertising campaign along with the use of other tools such as advertising directories, newspaper advertising ND signage. A number of advantages accrue to both the retailers and consumers, Included among them are; Shopping can be faster and more convenient; retailers get access to larger customer base: retailers can make approach not only to national but also to international customers; and incur lesser running cost than physical stores. There are also some challenges that are faced in e-commerce in using its BBC model. The two major hurdles that come across BBC e-commerce are, firstly, bringing and making large number of customers to buy online, and secondly, to make a customer loyal to your online store for a longer period of time. Small retailers mainly find it difficult to maintain their competitiveness due to the rapid changes taking place in technology, changing customer preferences and maintaining lower prices. Generally online customers are more price-conscious and are easily tempted by slightly lesser price, which makes It more difficult for retailers to retain online customers. . 2. 3 Business-to-Employees (BEE): BEE e-commerce generally refers to ordering for supplies by employees which they use in their jobs, but this concept has now really grown and includes much more. For very easily by using BEE e-commerce. These orders are completely electronic in tauter and supervisors are asked to approve these orders Just to monitor that employee does not exceeds its order limit. BEE allow the emp loyee to access their own records in order to update address information, and maintain their internal resume. A major benefit that companies have got by adopting BEE technologies is that it has dramatically reduced the administrative cost and has also lowered the burden of human resources department for maintaining employees’ information and records. 1. 2. 4 Consumer-to-Business (CB): CB e-commerce refers to a setting in which consumers decide what they want to ay, and the vendors decide whether, or not to accept the consumer ‘s bid. The following is an example of CB. A person wants to fly from Appeaser to Karachi, but has only RSI. 8000 in the bank account to make the payment for this round- trip. He advertises on an Internet CB site, looking for airlines that are offering this round trip for RSI. 8000, or less. The main feature of the Internet here is that it creates a segment of customers with specific need of services in which a number of airliners will be interested in offering those services. 1. 2. 5 Consumer-to-consumer (ICC): ICC e-commerce refers to a setting where consumers among themselves buy and sell goods. The most popular example of ICC e-commerce is â€Å"e-bay’, it is a website which brings a large number of people from all over America and I-J, provide them a platform where they can auction their personal belongings. This concept has also been adopted in Pakistan. Most popular example from Pakistan would be â€Å"Passels. Com† where cars are being auctioned by their owners, and are purchased by other consumers. ICC e-commerce has its own advantages, including the following are some: access to broader market, no intermediary is involved, convenient or buyers to search the product they are looking for with the required specifications. Other than five major types of e-commerce, the following are the names of some not so popular types of e?commerce which are not meant for commercial use. Government-to-Government (EGG), Government-to-Employee (GEE), Government-to- Business (BOB), Business-to-Government (826), Government-to-citizen (EGG), Citizen- to-Government (COG), are amongst these modes of commerce. These modes are mainly used for administrative work such as registrations to licenses renewal, filing taxes to businesses, etc. This research is mainly related to Business to Consumer (BBC) e-commerce which is commonly known as E-tailing or virtual storefront. So before proceeding forward in the report it would be better to first explain E-tailing briefly and review its history. 1. 3 E-Tailing: E-tailing (electronic retailing) is the selling of consumer products on the net, examples of goods commonly transacted includes books, garments, games, fashion accessories, etc. The idea of E-tailing was one of the talked about topic, whenever discussions related to internet took place among economists, analysts and entrepreneurs back in the year 1995. E-tailing is synonymous with business-to- consumer (BBC) transaction. E-tailing began to work for some big companies and some Seems in America in the year 1997 when Dell Computer reported that multimillion dollar orders were taken at its Web site. In the same year Barnes and Nobles e-tail site was launched. This website was launched in haste after watching e-tail site was opened on the same footings as that of Amazon. In the year 1997 many companies biblically announced their achievements they had made in their e-tailing business, for example sale of the millionth car over the web by Auto-By-Tell, and Nielsen Media’s recorded 10 million people purchasing goods on the Web in the same year. Growing popularity of e-tailing resulted in the development of software programs that were used for creating online catalogs, and also had management tools that will help businesses that are operating on the internet. 1. 4 Key drivers of E-tailing: Different key drivers of E-tailing are identified by many researchers over the years because the understanding of these key factors, E-tailing trends in different countries can easily be analyzed. The following are some of the main key drivers that are generally discussed by many writers and researchers. How to cite Commonly known, Papers

Corporate Social Reponsibility of the Tobacco Industry free essay sample

According to Harvard University, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a business strategy that encompasses the ways in which an organisation manages its economic, social and environmental impact. As such, the methods of managing an organisation’s impact can decide whether the organisation is ethical or unethical. There are eight principles stated in the Global Business Standards Codex (GBSC) which assist in the assessment of ethics of an organisation or industry (Paine et al. 2005). These principles of the GBSC set the standard in an economic, social and environmental sense which all organisations in the global economy should adhere to. Therefore, the tobacco industry’s (TI) use of CSR strategy is unethical. This is because the TI’s use of CSR fails to adhere by the transparency, dignity and citizenship principles of the GBSC. Nevertheless, there are advantages and disadvantages of the TI using CSR strategies which benefit the stakeholders. Hence the CSR strategy used by the TI is nevertheless a valid strategy in the sense that this strategy improves the TI’s unethical public image. The TI is breaching the transparency principle by using CSR strategies to create a facade so that it can be perceived by the general public as an ethical industry. This is in violation of the transparency principle as the TI is not conducting business in an open and truthful manner. However it can be argued that the TI isn’t required to enclose all information and that adhering to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) index is legally enough (Global Reporting Initiative 2012). By meeting the minimum requirements of the GRI index, major tobacco companies can maintain their competitive advantage by not revealing their marketing strategies which the transparency principle would require. Nevertheless, the TI has been professed as an industry which solely focuses its resources on maximising profit which disregards the health of its users let it be first hand or second hand (World Health Organisation 2004). Epidemiology research by English Spencer (2007) has shown that using the TI’s products if used as directed results in cardiovascular, respiratory, malignancy, reproductive and visual diseases which may lead to death. Hence these courses of events which include published epidemiology research which state that using TI’s product increases the chances of cancer ave generated the ethical issue of TI misusing the CSR strategy. Hence, due to increased awareness by the general public on dangers of smoking (Office on Smoking and Health 2001) and a rise in tobacco related deaths, (Proctor et al. 2011), the TI has pursued the CSR strategy to improve its public image. The TI is using CSR strategy because it has created a bad reputation due to its products being deemed as unsafe by major research organisations (World Health Organisation 2004). Therefore, the TI needs to change its public image from unethical to ethical to sustain profits and stay a profitable industry. The ethical issue present is that the TI is misusing the CSR initiative (Friedman 2009). To warrant that this unethical behaviour won’t happen in the future, the TI, which includes its managers and employees, must inform the public of their genuine intentions. This would make the TI transparent hence its CSR strategy would adhere by the transparency principle thus making it ethical. The TI’s CSR is a strategy which it is using to increase profitability and not contribute to the human development and wellbeing. This information is unknown to the general public. Therefore it can be concluded that the TI is engaging in unethical activities while misleading public to perceive otherwise. This leads to the conclusion that even though this CSR strategy has resulted in increased profits in the long term (Hirschhorn 2004), the TI’s use of the CSR strategy is ultimately a breach of the transparency principle regardless of it improving TI’s public image and thus makes the TI an unethical industry. The TI isn’t considered unethical for only breaching the transparency principle as it also fails to comply with the Dignity principle. This is because its CSR strategy promotes the use of its products which is detrimental to human health. Firstly, the TI has introduced a packet of cigarettes which is half the size and price of the regular packet (Barraclough Morrow). Secondly, the TI is purposely portraying smoking as an adult activity by promoting smoking in youth-oriented movies (Palazzo Richter 2005). Finally, restrictions such as age (Baker, Brandon Chassin 2004) have been placed on ways to acquire cigarettes which make it harder for youth smokers to use TI’s products (World Health Organisation 2004). All these activities have the compounding effect of portraying the use TI’s products as desirable in the youth community. The TI has introduced the smaller packets of cigarettes which are cheaper. This course of action will have a negative ethical impact on society because the cheaper packet of cigarettes allows easier access to youth-smokers which would then increase sales of TI and thus fulfil their goal of maximising profit. Also, by portraying smoking as an adult activity, the TI is creating incentives for under-aged smokers to purchase TI’s products and thus having an unethical impact on society. Under-age smoking has the effect of preventing brain growth and increases the chances of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease in youths (Li, X, Zaiane, O Li ZH eds 2006) thus not complying by the Dignity Principle. A prescribed course of action that’ll ensure that the unethical activities stated above won’t occur in the future is that the smaller packets should be prohibited from sale thus increasing the difficulty for youth to purchase cigarettes. Another viable option is to increase price or taxation of TI’s products and to stop smoking on youth-oriented films. But currently none of these actions have been put forward. The Dignity Principle encompasses issues on human rights and safety (Stanwick Stanwick as cited in ed. Campbell 2011). Hence, through promoting smoking in youths, the TI is violating the dignity principle and thus it can be concluded that the TI is unethical in misusing the CSR strategy to achieve its business goals. The TI is failing to act in accordance to the Citizenship principle by not preserving the environment even when using CSR strategies to attempt to make TI’s operations environmentally sustainable. This is shown through the TI’s growing of tobacco in developing countries has led to extensive land clearance and deforestation (Tobacco in Australia 2008). Other environmentally detrimental activities the TI is inappropriately using include the use of agrichemicals to promote growth of TI’s crops and unrecyclable packaging used which is contributing to landfill. The TI’s CSR strategy promotes sustainable harvest of crops. However, the phases of production used in manufacturing TI’s products use carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming (Otanez Glantz 2011). The TI has been allowed to clear land which has led to deforestation in developing countries. This is mainly because of the lenient environmental laws in these countries which the TI is targeting. The agrichemicals have been used to promote faster growth of tobacco, which was done to increase production rates and thus profit of the TI (Tobacco in Australia 2008). Most packaging of TI’s products is encompassed in plastic which uses the unrecyclable chemical polyethylene. This has led to increased landfill globally. The TI must make a genuine attempt to have sustainable environmental practices by promoting plantation of trees and sustainable harvest of crops which won’t have an overall detrimental impact on the environment. The TI should also use sustainable energy sources such as solar energy or wind energy to promote sustainable energy sources. The TI has exploited the CSR strategy to increase its profits and stay competitive in the global economy. Therefore the TI’s use of the CSR strategy doesn’t adhere to the Citizenship Principle as the TI is engaging in unsustainable environmental practices thus failing to preserve public goods such as the environment and atmosphere. Therefore the TI’s use of CSR is unethical. Although the TI has been unethical by failing to adhere by the Transparency, Dignity and Citizenship Principles of the GBSC, it can be argued that the TI was fulfilling the goals of some groups of its stakeholders, that is, its stockholders and employees. This means that the CSR is a valid strategy that has improved the TI’s public image as an increase in TI’s profits indicates the success of the CSR initiative. Therefore it can be deducted that the TI is a multifaceted industry in the sense that it can be perceived as being ethical by pursuing business goals to fulfil its corporate promises to its owners, employees and the government. As such, it can be said that the TI’s use of the CSR strategy is advantageous for some stakeholders and disadvantageous for other stakeholders. In conclusion, the TI has used the CSR strategy effectively to successfully improve its unethical public image. However, this success has been achieved by unethical means as TI’s CSR strategy utilizes misleading marketing tactics, violates human rights through promoting unsafe practices such as under-age smoking and the strategy also fails to preserve the environment which is public property. Hence, the TI has failed to adhere by the Transparency, Dignity and Citizenship principle of the GBSC respectively.