1705610-78422500 Essays - Health, Medicine, RTT, Dosage Forms

1705610-78422500 Composite Clinical Nursing Report Clinical Worksheet Student's Name: Sandra Osorio Patient's Initials: JK Age: 93 Gender: F Room No.: 303 C Admitting Diagnosis: Dementia, Hemiplegia, HTN, Paresthesia. Brief discussion of Diagnosis: Dementia is not a specific disease. It's an overall term that describes a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills sever enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Lab Data as of 9/7/2017 Normal Potassium 5.1 Sodium 142 Urea Nitrogen 19 Urea n/ Creat . Ratio FFR 60 Albumin 2.9 Medical History and Chief complaints: Elderly female, resident of nursing home, with dementia, dependent on all ADLs, on PO feeds, has chronic medical illness, high risk breakdown, her family is involved in her care, checked for polypharmacy. Needs care for skin and fall precaution. Special Problems related to aging or condition: Difficulty walking, risk for falls, dependent on all ADLs Pain Assessment: Chief c/o Patient doesn't verbalize any pain. Additional Data: Allergies: Azithromycin, Moxifloxacin, Penicillin Air dye, Avelox Vital signs: T: 98.5.F P 70 R: 16 BP: 125/70 O2 Saturation: 95% Activity: Moderated IVs: None I/O: None Procedures: None Systems Assessment Neurological: Orientation/ Disoriented in AAO x 3 and situation Paresthesia and hemiplegia/ Noted HEENT Inflammation: None Mucous membranes: Pale, Moist and Intact Discharge: None Respiratory Breath sounds: No difficult to breath Secretions: None Oxygen Saturation: 95% Cardiovascular Heart rate/Rhythm: Strong heart sounds, no murmur noted Peripheral Pulses/Edema: 90 strong pedal pulses bilaterally, no edema noted. Skin Color/Capillary refill: pale skin, capillary refill 3 sec. Gastrointestinal Abdominal Description: Round and soft, no tenderness Bowel Sounds: + 4 in quadrants Stool characteristics: Soft brownish stool Genitourinary Urine characteristics: Amber color Catheter: None Discharge: No discharge noted Musculoskeletal Mobility/Gait: Difficulty walking /postural instability Range of Motion (ROM): Limited Joint Swelling: Pitting edema on knees Integumentary Color/Turgor: Pale, good skin turgor, no dehydration Rash/ Under Neck, breast armpits and coxis. Psychosocial Needs Behavior: Good mood Level of Anxiety: Moderate Social Interactions: Interact well others Nursing Notes Etiology (Instruction: Write a comprehensive Nursing Note that summarizes all sub-sections of the head to toe assessment) 06/10/2017 - 07:00am: Patient received in bed resting, VS T 98.5F, P 70, BP: 125/70, RA: 16, O2 sat: 95%, Disoriented in AAO x 3 situation. Paresthesia noted, Muco membranes pale, moist intact, no discharge noted. Normal lung sounds upon auscultation. . Strong heart sounds, no murmur noted. Pale skin, capillary refill 3 sec, ABD round and soft, no tenderness to touch, BS + in 4 quadrants, soft brownish stool. Amber color urine, no catheter, no discharge noted, difficulty walking, ROM limited, pitting edema on knees, good skin turgor, rash/lesions noted in neck, breast and armpits, good mood, interact well with others .Pt left sleeping, bed in semi-fowler position. \, Call light within easy reach. Patient endorsed to shift nurse. ---------------------Sandra Osorio LPN std Disease Process Diagram/Illustration 31432501143000 Description of the Disease Process Vascular dementia, which occurs after a stroke, is the second most common dementia type, if often incorrectly referred to as senility or senile dementia Signs and Symptoms of the Disease (Provide at least 3) Memory loos confusion Inability to speak Inability to recognize common thins anxiety Note: Cite all references WebMD (2005-2017) Retrieved from WebMD is Dementia IV. Medication Grid 48196505525770 References: Hazard, and Cynthia A. (2017) Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses (15th e.d e.d) Plus References: Hazard, and Cynthia A. (2017) Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses (15th e.d e.d) Plus CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR: Fernand de Los ReyesSTUDENT: Sandra Osorio Generic and Trade Name of Medication Classification of Medication Medication Order: Dose, Route Frequency Recommended Dose Medication Action Side Effects Reason Medication Ordered Key Nursing Implications Norvasc Amlodipine, therapeutic: Antihipertensive, pharmacologic; calcium channel blockers PO 5MG ONCE DAILY 5mg,10mg PO once a day Inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, in resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction on coupling and subsequent contraction Dizziness, fatigue, perineral edema, angina bradycardia, Hypotension, nausea Hypertension, angina pectoris and vasoplastic angina *Monitor BP and pulse before therapy, during dose. Monitor intake and output ratios and daily weight, assess for signs of HP (peripheral edema, crackles, dyspnea) Angina assesses location, duration, and intensity. Lab test considerations total serum calcium concentration Baclofen, Gablofen, Lioral. Therapeutic; antiespasticity agents, skeletal muscle relaxants PO 5mg times daily, administered with milk or

Body Temperature and Time of Death Essays

Body Temperature and Time of Death Essays Body Temperature and Time of Death Paper Body Temperature and Time of Death Paper D. J. ,1995). According to Evans (2007), for purposes of determining the time of death with the use of rectal temperature, the following formula is widely utilized: Normal temp (37? ) – rectal temp. 1. 5 = approx. no. of hours since death Given a reading of the body temperature of the deceased and the foregoing formula, it then becomes easy for investigators to estimate the time at which the death of the victim occurred. It must be noted, however, that although the body temperature of the lifeless body may be an aid to the determination of time of death, there are other factors that need to be considered as said factors can bring about a change in the body temperature of the deceased. One such factor which may affect the body temperature of the deceased is the weather. It is important to take note of the prevailing weather at the time the lifeless body was found. The cooling rate is affected by the temperature of the air as the cooling process will be faster on cold and windy days (Nickell and Fischer, 1999). Winds and droughts affect body temperature by increasing convection and conduction from the surface and by evaporating moisture. Bearing this in mind, bodies will be generally cooling faster in the cold and windy days in. Snow, rain and the level of humidity will likewise affect the body temperature of the deceased. Apart from the weather, the body itself should be examined, especially when it comes to its size, as the same affects the body temperature. True enough, the fat ratio of the dead body will greatly affect the body temperature. Some authors claim that in obese individuals, fat in the body acts as an insulator, but for practical purposes, body mass, whether from muscle mass or adipose tissue, are considered as important factors (Rowlinson, 2000). Another consideration of importance is the amount of subcutaneous fat on the body (Nickell and Fischer, 1999) as fat is one of the materials in our body that makes and keeps the body warm. Thus, after death, fat becomes one of the obstacles to the cooling process of the lifeless body. It is likewise important to note that the clothing used by the victim may likewise affect the reading of the body temperature. Naturally, clothing, or a lack thereof, produces great difference to cooling rates. (Henssge, Knight, Madea, and Nokes, 1995). The thicker body wear used by the deceased, the harder for the body to cool. The way the deceased body is clothed is truly an imporant factor as heavy clothing will naturally retard the process of cooling (Nickell and Fischer, 1999). In this regard, it is noteworthy that other coverings such as bedclothes, other fabrics or even debris or another adjacent body covering the deceased body also play an important role for altering the cooling process of the body. It is advanced that the use of body temperature is advantageous for purposes of determining the time of death. This is due to the fact that available data, such as the temperature of the deceased body may be utilized to estimate the time of death without having to resort to other information. In this regard, the investigators are being given the chance to establish at least one information surrounding said death which may eventually lead to solving any mystery involving the death which took place. With a simple taking of the body temperature, the investigators are already able to estimate the time of death and then conduct further investigation with said information. This method is likewise advantageous and convenient, as the taking of the temperature of the body of the deceased is likewise an easy process which can be undertaken simply through the use of thermometers. It is through this that body temperature is considered as one such important tool in aiding investigators in determining the approximate time within which the death may have occurred. Despite the foregoing, however, it must be noted that the use of body temperature in determining the approximate time of death has its own disadvantages. As mentioned above, the same cannot be considered as absolutely accurate as other factors would have to be taken note of and evaluated such as the weather, size of the body and the clothing or other materials covering the body. If said factors are not taken note of properly, it cannot be said that a proper reading of the body temperature may be had. Hence, there can be no such correct estimation of the time of death. It is also advanced that although the taking of the temperature of the deceased body is relatively easy, the same can likewise be considered as invasive of the dead body as when the temperature is to be taken through the liver. As mentioned above, if temperature is to be taken through the liver, there is still a need to cut a hole into the body of the deceased. It is thus advanced that in using this method of determining or estimating the time of death, investigators should take into mind the different advantages and disadvantages of said method for purposes of evaluating which method will be used for purposes of establishing the time at which the death occurred. REFERENCE Evans, C. , (2007). The Casebook of Forensic Detection: How Science Solved 100 of the World’s Most Baffling Crimes. New York: Berkley Books. Geberth, V. , (1996). Practical Homicide Investigation: Tactics, Procedures, And Forensic Techniques. Florida: CRC Press LLC. Henssge, C. , Knight, B. , Madea, B. and Nokes, L. , (1995). The Estimation of the Time Since Death in the Early Postmortem Period. London: Arnold. Jackson, A. R. W. and Jackson, J. M. , (2004). Forensic Science. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Lyle, D. , (2004). Forensic For Dummies. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing. Nickell, J. and Fischer, J. F. , (1999). Crime Scenice: Method of Forensic Detection. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. Pounder ,D. J. ,(1995). Retrieved April 10, 2009 from dundee. ac. uk/forensicmedicine/notes/timedeath. pdf Rowlinson,J. ,(2000) . Retrieved April 12, 2009 from exploreforensics. co. uk/estimating-the-time-of-death. html

Women and Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women and Human rights - Essay Example There are different types of veils that are worn by various people, which entail scuffs covering the hair, those covering the face and those covering the face and the entire body. In most of the Muslim countries, wearing of veils by women is mandatory, while in others, it is mandatory (White 46-55). Since America is represented by people from different cultural backgrounds, wearing of veils is mostly observed among the Muslims. Therefore, mandatory wearing of veils among women is discriminatory in nature. This is because the way of association and dressing of these women is structured and failure to follow the stipulated doctrines leads to various consequences among the offenders. For example, In Afghanistan, women who do not wear veils are stoned, as a way of punishing them and warning anyone who may fail to follow the law. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of how American view people who wears veils, and women’s human rights. In the United States of America, there hav e been numerous conflicts between government organs and women wearing veils. For example, in the application of a driving license, the face of the applicants should be visible. As such, women wearing veils are required to get rid of the veils in order to have their photos taken. This does not trick very well to them and makes them feel oppressed. In the American education system, photographs are necessary for verification purposes especially during examination. As such, Women wearing the veils are required to unveil to be photographed. During normal school routine, the students gain no special attention from the fellow students and instructors until the examination period arrives. The unveiling of students has brought forth hot debates with some professionals advocating for the use of fingerprints, rather than forcing students in veils to unveil. Due to the numerous terrorist attacks being executed mainly in Middle East by veiled persons, a negative perception has been made to vario us persons across the globe. As such, veiled persons are not fully accepted by the public, while travelling or doing shopping. This has brought forth numerous debates on the wearing of body covering dressing, which hinders facial recognition. Despite medical personnel wearing masks, they do receive appreciation from the public. As such, request for unveiling women is observed as discrimination against them. Additionally, in the case of an outbreak of flu, patients are allowed to enter business premises without any restriction, which brings in the question as to who should be allowed to wear veils, and under what circumstances. The wearing of veils in the American society receives different recognition. For example, in areas where veiled women have participated in terrorist activities, veiled women usually find themselves discriminated. This is argued to be a defense strategy because; it is argued that they can partake terrorist activities, which would have adverse effects on the soc iety at large. In regions beyond the American borders, for example, in  Afghanistan, veiled women were used to bomb the American soldiers deployed to restore peace and political stability. The wearing of veils is recognized as a means of oppression mostly among female Muslims. Therefore, the women are observed to be voiceless and are controlled by the doctrines of Islam. Although this applies to a significant percentage of women in Muslim world, it is not applicable to all Muslim women in America. Oppression is usually linked with low levels of education; the less educated persons usually lack knowledge on their rights, as well as what they should do when their rights are violated. Therefore, since a significant per

Cross-cultural Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cross-cultural Scenario - Essay Example Kimuri Plc was a human resource consultancy and training firm. Such firms help other companies to develop their staff to the level of competency required in customer service, marketing and front office management. The company had been established slightly over ten years, but it had advanced and grown to the level of the most respectable forms in the region for training and resolving the human resources issues associated with different firms, through its consultancy services(Holland, 2015:36). Mark had never been such excited before, as he proceeded to open the door for the founder of such a successful company. In his mind, Mark knew that Frank Kimuri would not come to work such early, unless there was something important he wanted to discuss with him. At the back of his mind, Mark knew it had something to do with how he should run the department, having been recently interviewed and hired, after the last holder of the position had resigned a month earlier. Mark opened the office and was instantly meant by the big smile of the company founder, whom the people around the office liked to refer simply as Frank. Frank was an easy going man, and it was such easy to approach and discuss any issue with him. Thus, when the last human resource manager left the firm, basing his resignation on irreconcilable differences with the managing director, everyone had reasons to believe that the manager must have been a very difficult person. Entering the office, Frank warmly shook the hand of Mark, and proceeded to welcome him to the company saying â€Å"it is our pride to have such a young and energetic man, who is not only qualified but also ingeniously able to advance the course of our company joining us†. To this, Mark was lost for words, and could only say ‘Thank You Sir’. It is my pleasure to join your firm. You have built a very prosperous company over

Healing Hospital and Spirituality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healing Hospital and Spirituality - Essay Example Today, most hospitals promote medical healing and spiritual nourishment in the treatment of patients. The primary concern of this paper is to outline the relationship between components of a healing hospital and spirituality. The paper will also major on the biblical aspects supporting a healing hospital and the challenges faced in creating a healing environment. Setting up a healing hospital goes beyond the physical structure of the institution. Remarkably, modern healing facilities focus on key components relating to spirituality in the process of providing quality healthcare. A healing physical health care setting focuses on constructing an environment that helps patients and kins cope with the pressures of sickness. That is attainable by ensuring the patients’ connection to nature through customization of physical and built structural features (Huisman et al., 2012). A healing physical environment is quiet to allow patients to have sound and uninterrupted sleep, for instance. The body performs most healing when the patients are asleep. Because of that, the component ensures that noise is reduced to the lowest levels by fitting silencers (Seifert & Hickman, 2005). Facilities such as cleaning machines should not generate noise to the surrounding environment. Quiet environments allow patients to engage in spiritual practices like med itation and prayer. These practices foster social support to the patient reduce anxiety, depression and encourage relaxation that is essential for the patient’s recovery. Integration of a work design and technology is a key component of a healing health institution. A majority of modern health centers have single rooms that give patients privacy when in prayer sessions. Technological advanced equipment such as sky-light system provide in-room entertainment allowing patients tune to spiritual songs and watch healing programs that are significant for their recovery. A number of hospitals

Impact of E-business on the Economy

Impact of E-business on the Economy The Impact of E-business on the Economy Introduction Electronic business also known as E-business is the conduct of business on the internet and other computer networks, not only does it involve buying and selling of products but also customer servicing and collaboration with business partners. In recent years, e-business has developed rapidly and the e-purchasing is becoming more popular over the world. Electronic business (e-business) is a general concept covering any form of business transaction or information exchange executed using information and communication technologies (Whiteley, 2000). E-business may take place between firms (B2B), between firms and their customers (B2C), or between firms and the government (B2G). According to Whiteley (2000), e-business operations can be grouped into three categories; Electronic categories, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Internet business. E-business has been recognized as an important contributor in the economy of many countries. In the emerging global economy, e-business has increasingly become a very important and a necessary component of business strategy and a strong catalyst for economic development. This report will be analysising the impact of e-business on the economy (EU) and the importance of e-business, stating the critical issues and challenges involved in e-business. Impact of E-business on business organisations To assess the economic impact of e-business in an organisation, I will concentrate on the important sectors in the European union which are the Retail industry, Banking industry and the Travel and tourism industry. Retail sector Retailing is one of the most important industry sector in the world, with no exception of the EU. In 2004 the EU retail sector, the industry comprised of approximately 17 million firms that employed people in the EU27 (e-business watch 2007) In the retail sector, e-business has had great impact on the value chain. It has made a great difference in terms of shelf life of products and stock rotation time. It also highlighted the relevance of inter-business exchanges. In fact, retailers, beside their relationship with suppliers and consumers, have significant impact on intercompany exchanges through CEDI (centre of distribution). In essence, retail companies will want to rationalize and reduce costs of supply and management of the supply chain, starting with purchasing cost. They will also want to differentiate their own offers from the competitors, exploiting customer relation management techniques as to communication, sales and customers loyalty (e-business Watch 2000). The UK figures released by the Office of National Statistics in February 2009 showed that internet retail sales, as a percentage of total retail sales, rose by 13.2% (average weekly value of  £167 million). These figures closely match figures released by the IMRG/Capgemini Sales Index which showed that the e-business retail market rose by 17% in July compared to July 2008, this increase has been driven by the clothing, accessories and electrical goods online retail sales. Banking Industry The introduction of E-business (ICT) in the European banking system has had a significant impact on banks operating system and their operations within physical branches. The most important form of e-business used by banks is the online banking which has help cut down cost. E-business has enabled banks to redefine their boundaries and also gained competitive advantage through it. Internet banking is nowadays supported by advanced ICT solutions which enable most everyday banking services to be conducted online (www.ebusiness-watch.org). Studies also shows productivity growth rose in the EU from year 2000 onwards, while average working hours per employee has decreased subsequently, this study tells use e-business investment is largely substituting labour particularly in retail banking. Travel and tourism Industry In the last few years travel pattern has changed in the EU. The travel sector in the EU is so large that even a small share of it produces a major online market. Taking the internet for example, it has had a very high impact on the air travel industry. It can provide a direct connection between airlines and customers without the need to use travel agents or Computer Reservation Systems (CRS), thereby leading to cost savings in the distribution of air tickets (Law and Leug, 2000) the internet has become very extensive in the travel industries and its impact has been particularly significant on the distribution channel for air travels and the use of the Internet for searching and purchasing airline tickets has become common in travel markets. The introduction of e-business to the airline industry has enabled most travellers to bypass travel agents alltogether, with most agreeingthat the most current air market will shift form traditional travel agents to internet based agents like www. opodo.com. Recent studies shows that firms that have reinforced their e-business strategy in the airline industry has had an increase in sales volume for airlines website. The internet has contributed strongly to the growth of most budget airlines taking easy jet as an example. Easy jet has never used the travel agent network, they rely on the internet because all their flights are booked online by customers. (Journal of Air Transport Management Volume 12, Issue 5, September 2006, Pages 253-260) Impact of E-Business on the economy Over the past decades e-business has helped and provided various methods in which buyers and sellers can transact In the decades to come, exploiting the full potential of developments could have profound impacts in individual sectors of the economy as well as for macroeconomic performance and economic policies. At the aggregate level, productivity and economic growth could rise, at least for some time, as a result of more efficient management of supply and distribution, lower transaction costs, low barriers to entry and improved access to information. In the business-to-business context, higher efficiency can be gained from B2B e-commerce and B2B exchanges via lower procurement cost and better supply chain management. Many companies claim that putting their supply chains online has led, or will lead, to major cost savings. According to Goldman Sachs (2000) study these gains range from between 2 and 40 percent of total input cost depending on the industry which may subsequently reduce the price in the overall economy.

Chaucers Wife of Bath Essay -- Chaucer Wife Bath Essays

Chaucer's Wife of Bath Before beginning any discussion on Chaucer’s Wife of Bath, one must first recognize that, as critic Elaine Treharne writes, â€Å"Critical response to the Wife of Bath has been as diverse as it has been emotive† (2). Some critics love the Wife of Bath and her controversial prologue, proclaiming that she is a woman of strength and powerful words; others hate her and cover the eyes of younger girls, determined that Wife of Bath is instead a role model of what women should not be; and the rest remain a bit confused, simply excusing themselves and the Wife herself. The question of whether or not the Wife of Bath ought to be admired or scorned continues to provoke a number of hands to raise in the air, ready to present yet another explanation or answer. Mothers continue to cover eyes and uncover eyes, not sure if the Wife of Bath is someone their younger generation should look up to. Although I understand the mothers’ hesitancy, I think they should reconsider befo re masking young eyes. Critic Elaine Hansen agrees that mothers should pull away their hands. She explains that the Wife of Bath is quite commendable, mainly because she, unlike many of the other women of her time, voices her opinions and thoughts. Hansen writes, â€Å"It is hardly necessary to rehearse the reasons why the Wife of Bath might well be read as a woman who defies the stereotype of the passive, submissive, and fundamentally silent female† (2). Furthermore, Hansen goes to on to declare that the Wife of Bath presents us with â€Å"one of our earliest literary images of the female as a verbal artist,† and that she is able to use words as â€Å"strategic weapons in the war between the sexes† (2). Not only does the Wife of Bath defy stereotypes... ... Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-12. Straus, Barrie Ruth. â€Å"Subversive Discourse of the Wife of Bath.† Chaucer: Contemporary Essays. London: Macmillan, 1997. 142. repr. Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-4. Treharne, Elaine. â€Å"The Stereotype Confirmed? Chaucer’s Wife of Bath.† Writing Gender and Genre in Medieval Literature: Approaches to Old and Middle English Texts. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2002. 93-115. repr. Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-23. Williams, David. â€Å"Language Redeemed: â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale.† The Canterbury Tales: A Literary Pilgrimage. Twayne Publishers, 1987. 53-100. repr. Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-5.

L’Oreal of Paris: Bringing Class to Market with Plenitude Essay

L’Oreal has always used its Class to Market approach and used its high-end technologically superior products to advertise its brand. It uses the ‘Class to Market’ products to finance its research into newer technologically advanced products. The US Market is a very competitive market where all the companies put millions of dollars into advertising and other promotional events. The US market also has a lot of potential as the people are fashionable and have the money to pay for the products that cosmetic companies make. The US market presents its own challenges; people from across the world live in the US, for a cosmetic company this means that there are many skin tones, skin types etc. importantly, it also means that there are different attitudes and perceptions about cosmetics, consumers income levels, consumers budget towards cosmetics. And this differs from state to state in the US. Community A maybe using a lot of cosmetics vs. Community B where people feel that cosmetics are too fashionable and hence abhor using them; but these opposing opinions like I mentioned also go along with subtle changes in perception amongst communities. Unlike Europe where it is easy to categorize people based on the country, in the US it is extremely difficult. There are companies that are doing it quite successfully but as the CEO mentioned, L’Oreal needs to figure out a couple of things before they can crack the US market. Their market share is stagnant and they are now fighting back; however, what they need in the US is to identify which product go to what area – the expensive products probably sell better on the east coast than the west? The moisturizers probably sell better in the colder parts of the country in a certain season compared to the cleansers which again probably sell better on the east coast as people generally (myth or reality? Only research can tell us) have more money and care more about their looks. Social pressure is also another factor that will affect the way people use and spend money on cosmetics. L’Oreal must also analyze what products to sell and which ones not to. It has hundreds of products and its very difficult to sell all of them successfully in each country. However, going with just 5 or 10 products isn’t going to win the battle either. They should sell high-end products with big profit margins but they must know that there are other companies competing for the same dollars, so the product they sell must either be better or must be properly differentiated. Selling products in beauty parlors is a good idea in the US, however, they must first find out which parts of the US has more beauty parlors, where do customers get what type of treatments, and where do customers ask for specialized products vs. letting the beauty parlor decide for them. The level or research that goes into introducing products for the US has to be much deeper than the research they have done in Europe. They are basically baking on Europe to provide two-thirds of their revenues and profits. The company is focusing their resources on Europe, which is not a bad thing; however, with competition getting successful int eh US it shows that there is a lot that L’Oreal is losing. L’Oreal is also losing on the lucrative South-East Asia India and China market, there are 3 Billion people in that part of the world and less than 20% of their sales come from this region. With the money flowing into China and India, people will eventually have more spending power which means they will spend more money on items of beauty and other personal care products.

Element Abundance of the Universe

Element Abundance of the Universe The element composition of the universe is calculated by analyzing the light that is emitted and absorbed from stars, interstellar clouds, quasars,  and other objects. The Hubble telescope greatly expanded our understanding of the composition of galaxies and gas in the intergalactic space between them. About 75% of the universe is believed to consist of dark energy and dark matter, which are different from the atoms and molecules that make up the everyday world around us. Thus, the composition of most of the universe is far from understood. However, spectral measurements of stars, dust clouds, and galaxies tell us the elemental composition of the portion that consists of normal matter. Most Abundant Elements in the Milky Way Galaxy This is a table of elements in the Milky Way, which is similar in composition to other galaxies in the universe. Keep in mind, elements represent matter as we understand it. Much more of the galaxy consists of something else! Element Element Number Mass Fraction (ppm) hydrogen 1 739,000 helium 2 240,000 oxygen 8 10,400 carbon 6 4,600 neon 10 1,340 iron 26 1,090 nitrogen 7 960 silicon 14 650 magnesium 12 580 sulfur 16 440    Most Abundant Element in the Universe Right now, the most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen. In stars, hydrogen fuses into helium. Eventually, massive stars (around 8 times more massive than our Sun) run through their supply of hydrogen. Then, the core of helium contracts, supplying enough pressure to fuse two helium nuclei into carbon. Carbon fuses into oxygen, which fuses into silicon and sulfur. Silicon fuses into iron. The star runs out of fuel and goes supernova, releasing these elements back into space. So, if helium fuses into carbon you may be wondering why oxygen is the third most abundant element and not carbon. The answer is because the stars in the universe today are not first generation stars! When newer stars form, they already contain more than just hydrogen. This time around, stars fuse hydrogen according to whats known as the C-N-O cycle (where C is carbon, N is nitrogen, and O is oxygen). A carbon and helium can fuse together to form oxygen. This happens not just in massive stars, but also in stars like the Sun once it enters its red giant phase. Carbon really comes out behind when a type II supernova occurs, because these stars undergo carbon fusion into oxygen with almost perfect completion! How Element Abundance Will Change in the Universe We wont be around to see it, but when the universe is thousands or millions times older than it is now, helium may overtake hydrogen as the most abundant element (or not, if enough hydrogen remains out in space to far from other atoms to fuse). After a much longer time, its possible oxygen and carbon may become the first and second most abundant elements! Composition of the Universe So, if ordinary elemental matter doesnt account for most of the universe, what does its composition look like? Scientists debate this subject and revise percentages when new data becomes available. For now, the matter and energy composition is believed to be: 73% Dark Energy: Most of universe seems to consist of something we know next to nothing about. Dark energy probably doesnt have mass, yet matter and energy are related.22% Dark Matter: Dark matter is stuff that doesnt emit radiation in any wavelength of the spectrum. Scientists are unsure what, exactly, dark matter is. It has not be observed or created in a lab. Right now, the best bet is that its cold dark matter, a substance consisting of particles comparable to neutrinos, yet much more massive.4% Gas: Most of the gas in the universe is hydrogen and helium, found between stars (interstellar gas). Ordinary gas does not emit light, although it does scatter it. Ionized gases glow, but not brightly enough to compete with the light of stars. Astronomers use infrared, x-ray, and radio telescopes to image this matter.0.04% Stars: To human eyes, it appears the universe is full of stars. Its amazing to realize they account for such a small percentage of our reality.0.3% Neutrinos: Neutrinos are tiny, electrically neutral particles that travel at near light speed. 0.03% Heavy Elements: Only a tiny fraction of the universe consists of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Over time this percentage will grow.

How might the Telecommunication Industry in Australia affect the Rollout of National Broadband Network in Australia in 2011

How might the Telecommunication Industry in Australia affect the Rollout of National Broadband Network in Australia in 2011 Introduction The telecommunication industry in Australia is experiencing a massive and rapid economic boom with various reports showing a great value of performance orientation by its respondents in the industry. The industry is mainly made up of businesses that provide telecommunication services to the public either by cable, wire or radio.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How might the Telecommunication Industry in Australia affect the Rollout of National Broadband Network in Australia in 2011? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major activities of the telecommunication industry in Australia include internet services, operation of radio relay stations, telephone services, operation of television relay stations, teleprinter and telex services, network communication services, cable and communication channel services, and satellite communication services. The industry is fundamentally event driven with diminutive exe cution of planning in areas other than finance or marketing. The lack of planning is evident in contemporary Future Orientation with the conveyed desire for future orientation, but the introduction of intensive competition has recently promoted more product planning and the general business planning in the market. However, elements such as size, novelty, and politics of the present-day industry environment has contributed in depicting planning less effective than otherwise expected. The interference by such factors in the telecommunication industry has protected the free-to-air TV networks, and at the same time contributed to Australia’s holdup in rolling out high-speed internet access through the National Broadband Network initiative. The ever changing market and technology has brought in a real forecast in the capitalization and elevation of Future Orientation, and this brings in the likelihood of Australia following the paradigm of America and other European countries in d eveloping strategic mechanisms of capturing the market’s vast potential.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The growth and immense potential in this industry saw the planned roll out of the National Broadband Network (NBN) project, which is meant to take advantage of the existing economic and social opportunities in the digital sector. While delivering an affordable, high-speed broadband to every corner of the Australian society, the project is projected to drive the country’s economy for decades to come by migrating from copper to the fibre optic network When the Australian government went ahead with the privatization of Telstra, which is the country’s largest telecommunications company, there were major concerns on the contradictory role of the government as regulator and owner of the telecommunication giant. Major concerns also remain in Telstr a’s potential capability of abusing its monopoly power to impediment regulatory outcomes through belligerent use of its litigation. Delaying in making a satisfactory public bid for access to its network and inflating the prices of its wholesale services such as fixed and mobile network are some of Telstra’s alleged abuses. In order to level the competitive telecommunication field, the Australian government instructed Telstra to separate its retail and wholesale arms for the NBN project. Telstra vehemently opposed this idea and the draft legislation that would separate its structures within its telecommunication network. Regulatory and judicial proceedings still mar Telstra with numerous disputes with its competitors over access to its network rights. Despite this, various stakeholders have since entered the scene with ardent interest. The NBN initiative is projected to create a network that will handle an assortment of data that is increasingly complicated, therefore a malgamating the media and the information technology industries with telecommunications.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How might the Telecommunication Industry in Australia affect the Rollout of National Broadband Network in Australia in 2011? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Media The media and communications industries has undergone through changes in its general corporate organization with mounting competition between media segments on the maximum gain and use of content being produced (Stuart Cunningham, Graeme Turner 4). This means taking advantage of the capability to present and modify the same content on numerous platforms of delivery and distribution. By restricting concentration of ownership in broadcasting sectors, the ownership and control of media is regulated across the media. Foxtel which has a substantial majority in the pay-TV market is half-owned by Telstra and the roll-out of the NBN project is seen to have rules and regulations that limit the number of providers, while shielding the incumbents against entry by neglecting diversity In Australia, all free-to-air television Programmes have a strict domestic content requirements through the Australian Broadcasting Services Amendment Act that require 10 percent of programme budgeting on new Australian drama programs (Ron Kirk 27). Although traditional media has occasionally been warned on the radical changes they face with the development in the digital media arena, they have basically been absent from the debate surrounding the NBN project. However, the National Broadband Network will generate new changes and options that will see media players taking leadership roles in search of trans-sector opportunities the NBN has to offer. They can possibly copy their archaic models onto the NBN brand via the wholesale services of a telco since they have a strong brand with millions of users. Although it is not defined, foreign nati onals seeking proposals that relates to portfolio shareholdings into the media industry are subjected to a ‘national interest test’ since foreign investment in the mass media is limited (Chang and Thorson 16). Media stakeholders should therefore gear up to with mechanisms that will help them profit from their audiences with the convergence of media and internet-based technologies through high-speed broadband even as they continue to enjoy protection from outside competition. (Butcher 127).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite this projection, most media companies are still looking and grounded on their core competencies rather than stirring towards media innovation. Advantages of Public owned Telecommunications towards NBN Rollout. The NBN initiative will produce and promote a prevalent network that is competent in handling both broadband and narrowband requirements with equal adept in managing interactive and broadcasting services. One feature of this project is that it involves and embraces the elaboration of neo-liberal views and ideas of economic regulation. In this view, public ownership of telecommunication infrastructure and services is seen as a central point for national pride and sovereignty with a common feeling of owning a piece of a vital national infrastructure (Fairbrother 52). Public views and ideas would initially be ‘measured at heart’ for the NBN project and this would douse any thought of manipulation by ‘outside’ parties, and also bring public calm w ith general accountability to the project. Public ownership would not cultivate into the current climate of crisis brought about by the free market that would dictate the wages and conditions of each and every Australian. Public ownership of the NBN roll-out would basically promote a unified and coherent platform for the whole initiative. Disadvantages of Public owned Telecommunications towards NBN Roll-out. Since there is never a conclusive concept from the general public, such ownership would only promulgate indecisions and slothfulness into the implementation and completion of the NBN initiative. According to the 2010 report by the Business Council of Australia, ‘’ the public ownership of the NBN initiative would elevate investor uncertainty with various companies rescheduling or withholding investments, and would only impede new technologies from getting into the market with the country’s general output falling behind ( 4) ‘’. Such a scenario wou ld only create ambiguity over NBN’s future operations. Advantages of Private owned Telecommunication Infrastructures towards NBN Rollout. International communication through telecommunications is rapidly becoming the backbone of trade, productivity, and the general business activities which are the linchpins of a growing, healthy economy (Mody, Bauer and Straubhaar 53). Privatization in the telecommunication industry is seen as a catalyst to development with a significant input. In this view, the streamlining of the telecommunications industry in Australia has made it impossible to find public-owned telecommunication carriers due to the concept of deregulation and privatization. This model is highly important because it will redefine the NBN initiative into from the typical public good, to a more global-oriented project that is competitive both domestically and internationally with a customer-driven service. The Telecommunications industry is quite complex in technology and o perations, and the only way that consumers can be better served is if more providers are included in the field. Consumers will be offered more competing products, prices, and services in order to meet the ever more diverse demands. Such private owned companies are also capable of responding quite better to consumer demands than the public-owned corporations that may not act imperatively (Cunningham 151). Sometimes such projects do halt due to lack of funds that can be brought about by underestimation or even the changing tides in commodity prices, and the telecommunication companies which are private-owned can quickly accumulate for these funds. This means that the NBN initiative will flourish under long-term macroeconomic relief, and also can carry on and meet deadlines rather than wait for the tedious process associated with the public owned companies. Generally through private ownership, the NBN project will see a proficient financing and management with the inclusion of professi onals who bring real sustainable efficiencies to the whole project. Privatization is therefore the more efficient solution to the sorry nature of most state-owned of telecommunication infrastructures with its limit on resources and the changing technological know-how. Disadvantages of Private owned Telecommunication Infrastructures towards NBN Roll-out. Private ownership of telecommunication systems in Australia will only bring distrust to the fore since it’s a product of an intrinsic capitalistic motive, and will also spread the adage that any control of information leads to the control of both political and economic procedures and the NBN project has not fallen short of such perception. Since telecommunications is an important industry that connects every sector of the Australian society, it might be used by a single entity or group of companies to create an oligarchy of economical information which can snatch power from the government. Such a scenario would reduce the gove rnment to a mere puppet, while these private entities continue to violate their power in the NBN initiative and act in their own interest neglecting Australian’s welfare (Chhokar, Brodbeck and House 320-331). This will greatly hinder the roll-out of the NBN project since Australia is a society which has a fair history of distrust in private ownership of infrastructure. Private ownership of the NBN roll-out would not put public interest into consideration and the individual private companies would only be interested in generating shareholder’s profits at customer’s expense. Privatization would also encourage manipulation and cover-ups of various inconsistencies associated with the NBN initiative since such organizational setups detest public scrutiny. Privatization will allow foreign competitors enter the telecommunication market indiscriminately and would endeavor to servicing only wealthy businesses and individuals who can afford their expensive services. In th is event, the NBN initiative would therefore leave its core policy of universal service unsettled. It’s hypothetical for privatization to take place without liberalization since such profit-driven enterprises do operate as a monopoly in its selfish achievements that can prove untenable for the government to contain(Leahy and Michael O’Brien 2-5). Analysis Australia is tremendously relying on the NBN initiative to face out its obsolete copper telecommunications network. The pendulum of opinions surrounding the NBN roll-out is due to its importance for the country’s economy, future development, and international competitiveness. The apparent stratification in the Australian telecommunication industry is quite higher than desirable and is derivative of the existing socio-political level of attitudes. The rapid restructuring in the industry is significantly affecting collectivism and power expanses, especially with the differing view between those who do not have th e slightest clue of the impending changes and those that are knowledgeable of what is to come with the changes. Although there are calls for either private or public investment in the telecommunications industry, it’s unfortunate that the processes have represented a vicious circle of events that is detrimental to both the economic and political systems. Conclusion The emerging picture from the NBN initiative and the general Australian telecommunications industry is the consistent socio-political values that underpin the economical importance of this project to the country at large. If telecommunication laws are well designed implemented, it would reduce the general fear and uncertainty that accompany the dreary investment in the telecommunication sector. At the same time, Telstra and its competitors should learn in ways they can corporate and be diplomatic about their differences rather than the self-sacrificing we are now witnessing. Even as the telecommunications industry undergoes through the intense process of change that seems endless, there is no doubt of the massive and infinite benefits that the NBN initiative will bring for generations to come. Butcher, John. Australia under Construction: Nation-building Past, Present and  Future. Canberra: ANU E Press, 2008. Print. Chang and Andrew, Thorson. A Legal Guide to Doing Business in Asia-Pacific.  Chicago: American Bar Association, 2011. Print. Chhokar, Brodbeck and Robert House. Culture and leadership, across the world:  The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies. New York: Routledge, 2007. Print. Cunningham and Graeme Turner. The Media and Communications in Australia.  Crows Nest, NSW: Allen Unwin, 2010. Print. Cunningham, Stuart. The Media and Communications in Australia (Large Print  16pt). Crows Nest:ReadHowYouWant.com, 2010. Print. Fairbrother, Peter. Privatisation, Globalisation, and Labour: studies from  Australia. Leichhardt, NSW: Federation Press, 2002. Print. Kirk, R on. National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers (25th Ed.).  Pennsylvania: DIANE Publishing, 2011. Print. Leahy and Michael O’Brien. Telecommunications Law and Technology in the  Developing World. Volume 22, Issue 1. Boston College International and  Comparative Law Review. 1999. Web. Mody, Bauer and Joseph Straubhaar. Telecommunications Politics: ownership  and control of the information highway in developing countries. New  York: Routledge, 1995. Print. N.p. Business Council of Australia. March: Submission on Draft Legislation for  the National Broadband Company. 2010. Web.

SHOULD DRUGS BE BANNED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SHOULD DRUGS BE BANNED - Essay Example Production of illegal drugs occurs mainly in underdeveloped countries where poor farmers are exploited by drug traffickers. Drug production business causes several environmental damages and involves a high rate of corruption and criminal activities. Recent technological advancements like electronic money laundering have enabled drug traffickers to earn huge profits. Even in those countries which are economically benefitted by the drug production business the problems created by these drug traffickers more often debilitates these benefits and the growth of the country. Among the drugs the illegal trade of cocaine and marijuana has spread from urban cities to small rural towns. The use of these drugs has stabilized at high rates and is affecting the health and safety of the American population. It has also increased the rate of violent and criminal activities associated with drug trafficking. Trafficking of these drugs by Mexican, Columbian and Canadian organizations has increased over the past years. In addition media, internet and groups favoring legalization of these drugs have increased the popularity and sale of these drugs (Almanac of Policy Issues, 2004). On a health basis large consumption of illicit drugs has adverse effects on the health such as birth defects, poor performance in academics, negative psychological effects such as anger, excitement and aggression, neurological problems in case of drug overdose and involvement in criminal and violent activities. Consumption of harder drugs such as crack cocaine is associated with severe psychological and pharmacological effects and has increased the emergency hospital admissions related to its use. Consumption of illegal drugs also affects social relations of individuals and increases the rate of accidents and other disasters. It also causes unnecessary financial burden both for the individual and the government which spends for police, military, and expenditure for treatment and welfare programs. Another major concern in the recent years has been the rise of HIV related infections among those using drug injections (UNRISD, 1994). Drug trade can be controlled by law and order measures , effective government regulatory policies and strategies, provision of alternative opportunities of income generation for farmers involved in the production of these drugs, implementing harsh sanctions on consumers, and designing effective awareness strategies can all help to reduce the demand for illicit drugs (UNRISD, 1994). In his message against drug abuse and trafficking, the Secretary General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-Moon has called for a concerted effort by governments, law and order, society and the media to promote greater awareness about the potential harmful effects of these drugs. He further added that providing alternative work opportunities for farmers could help bring about a change. Ban also cited the drug rehabilitation program offered at a center in northern Italy which had changed the lives of nearly 1200 men and women (Chakwe, 2013). In an earlier report Ban cited the pathetic state of the Afghan people, a majority of whom are involved in drug production an d trafficking and called for the need of vigilant law enforcement measures to

Visual Re-design of an Existing Logo for a Company or Product with a Essay

Visual Re-design of an Existing Logo for a Company or Product with a Series of Visual Ideas to Support a Communications Campaign - Essay Example Logo has an important role to play because it is used to represent the organization in different marketing material, in packaging, in corporate kit including business cards, letter heads, post cards etc (Verhoef, & Leeflang 2009) and therefore a unique and attractive logo would gather the attention of the most whereas a boring and a dull logo would not be able to get the attention of people (Kumar, 2009). Today as industries have become highly competitive, every organisation needs to differentiate itself from the other firms and logo has an important role in differentiating a company with others (Pavitt, 2002). A logo is able to make the company stand out in the crowd and therefore an attractive logo could help in increasing the sales of the product particularly when consumers are buying without thinking too much (Blythe, 2008). This report analyses one of today’s leading brands of the fashion industry in the world, Christian Dior. The report examines what the logo of the comp any visually reflects and communicates to the target market. Also the report comes up after redesigning the logo of the company and recommends what the logo of the company should be. ... The company offers fashion clothing and other accessories and the main target market of the company are female particularly young females. As the company offers a lot to its target market, therefore the logo of the company should be such that it would be able to get the attention of people and reflect the target market about the offerings of the company. Logo of Christian Dior The logo of Christian Dior is just the name of the company written in Black and White. The logo of the company is has been shown in the following image: Also there is another variation in the logo of Christian Dior and the other variation is in inverted colours. The logo in inverted colours looks like the following image Visual understanding of logo It is important for the company to make sure that the logo of the company clearly reflects what the company offers to its client. A well prepared logo is able to get into the minds of the consumers and it is easily remembered by them. This is one of the reasons why many companies and entrepreneurs pay a lot of attention in designing the logo however companies that do not pay a lot of attention face consequences in the long run. The right combination of colours, image, style and overall look play an important role in the overall logo of the company and what it visually reflects to the audience (Zenker, & Martin, 2011). Therefore it is important to design the logo and to work on what the customers would perceive and understand from the logo of the company as the target market of the company would be able to recognise the brand from the logo. So, once the logo of the company is approved, the management needs to think over the logo and analyse from the perspective of a consumer what the